Are facial dimples determined by genetics?
Facial dimples often appear to run in families and are commonly described as a dominant trait, yet scientific proof of a specific inherited gene is lacking.
Overview
Dimples are indentations on the cheeks that become visible especially when a person smiles. They are considered an anomaly of the muscle that creates a dent in the cheek.
Genetic Considerations
Dimples tend to occur in families, leading many to assume they are inherited. They are usually described as a dominant genetic trait, meaning that a single copy of an altered gene in each cell would be sufficient to produce dimples. However, some researchers point out that there is no definitive proof that dimples are inherited, and little research has identified the specific gene or genes involved.
Development and Persistence
Several patterns of appearance are reported:
- Some individuals have dimples on both cheeks; others have a dimple on only one cheek.
- Babies may show dimples caused by baby fat; these often disappear as the fat is lost with age.
- Other children are born without dimples but may develop them later in childhood.
- In some people dimples persist only until adolescence or young adulthood, while in others they remain a lifelong trait.
Family Patterns
Dimples with a similar appearance can be observed across multiple generations. For example, a family was noted where siblings, their father, uncles, grandfather, and great‑grandfather all displayed similar dimples on both cheeks. Conversely, some families show dimples in a child without the trait appearing in earlier generations.
Resources for Further Exploration
The Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah provides material on observable human characteristics. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database also contains information about facial dimples.
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