D2HGDH gene
The D2HGDH gene provides instructions for an enzyme that processes D-2-hydroxyglutarate, and mutations in this gene are linked to D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I.
Overview
The D2HGDH gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is found in mitochondria, the energy-producing centers within cells. It participates in reactions that produce energy by converting a compound called D-2-hydroxyglutarate to another compound called 2-ketoglutarate, which is further processed to generate energy.
Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Researchers have identified more than 30 D2HGDH gene mutations that cause a type of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria known as D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA) type I. This condition results in progressive damage to the brain beginning early in life.
Mutations in the D2HGDH gene impair the function of the D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme or lead to the production of a nonfunctional version. Consequently, D-2-hydroxyglutarate is not broken down and builds up in cells. At high levels, this compound is toxic and can lead to cell death. Brain cells appear to be the most vulnerable to these toxic effects, which explains why the signs and symptoms of D-2-HGA type I primarily involve the brain.
Other Names for This Gene
- 2-hydroxypentanedioic acid
- D2HDH_HUMAN
- D2HGD
- FLJ42195
- MGC25181