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Shock
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Blood Heart Circulation

Shock

Shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by insufficient blood and oxygen delivery to organs and tissues, resulting in very low blood pressure and requiring immediate medical attention.

Overview

Shock happens when not enough blood and oxygen can get to your organs and tissues. It causes very low blood pressure and may be life-threatening. It often happens along with a serious injury.

Types and Causes

There are several kinds of shock. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. A severe allergic reaction can cause anaphylactic shock. An insect bite or sting might cause it. Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This may happen after a heart attack. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system.

Symptoms

Symptoms of shock include:

  • Confusion or lack of alertness
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat
  • Sweating
  • Pale skin
  • A weak pulse
  • Rapid breathing
  • Decreased or no urine output
  • Cool hands and feet

Emergency & Treatment

Shock is a life-threatening medical emergency and it is important to get help right away. Treatment of shock depends on the cause.

Frequently Asked Questions

If you suspect someone is in shock, it is a life-threatening medical emergency. You should call for emergency medical help immediately. While waiting for help, try to keep the person warm and comfortable, and if possible, lay them down with their feet elevated slightly, unless they have a head injury or difficulty breathing.
Shock can become life-threatening very quickly because it means the body's organs and tissues are not receiving enough blood and oxygen. This lack of oxygen can cause cells to die, leading to organ damage and failure, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Key signs of shock include confusion or lack of alertness, a sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat, sweating, pale skin, a weak pulse, rapid breathing, decreased or no urine output, and cool hands and feet. The person may also lose consciousness.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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