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Muscle Disorders
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Bones Joints Muscles

Muscle Disorders

Muscle disorders encompass a variety of conditions that can lead to weakness, pain, or paralysis by affecting the muscles that help your body move and function.

Overview

Your muscles help you move and help your body work. Different types of muscles have different jobs. There are many problems that can affect muscles. Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis.

Causes

Causes of muscle disorders include:

  • Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis
  • A genetic disorder, such as muscular dystrophy
  • Some cancers
  • Inflammation, such as myositis
  • Diseases of nerves that affect muscles
  • Infections
  • Certain medicines

Sometimes the cause of muscle disorders is unknown.

Frequently Asked Questions

Clinicians perform an electromyogram (EMG) and nerve conduction study to assess the electrical signals between nerves and muscles. Blood tests measuring muscle enzymes, such as creatine kinase (CK), along with genetic testing or a targeted muscle biopsy, help differentiate primary myopathies from neuropathies like ALS or peripheral neuropathy.
Sudden onset of weakness, difficulty lifting your head, choking or trouble swallowing food and liquids, shortness of breath, and an inability to raise your arms above your shoulders are urgent warning signs. These symptoms suggest the involvement of respiratory or bulbar muscles and warrant emergency evaluation.
Yes, but it must be tailored carefully under the guidance of a physical therapist. Low-impact aerobic exercises, such as swimming or stationary cycling, and gentle stretching preserve range of motion and prevent muscle contractures. Strenuous eccentric exercise or heavy resistance training should typically be avoided, as it can accelerate muscle breakdown.
Statins used to lower cholesterol are the most frequent culprits, occasionally causing myalgia or myopathy. High-dose corticosteroids, certain antiretrovirals, and colchicine can also cause muscle weakness. In severe cases, medications can trigger rhabdomyolysis, characterized by dark, tea-colored urine and severe muscle breakdown, which requires emergency medical attention.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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