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Paralysis
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Brain Nerves

Paralysis

Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body, occurring when communication between the brain and muscles is disrupted.

Overview

Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread.

Types of Paralysis

  • Paraplegia: Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs.
  • Quadriplegia: Paralysis of the arms and legs.

Causes

Most paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:

  • Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome
  • Bell's palsy, which affects muscles in the face

Polio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.

Frequently Asked Questions

The permanence of paralysis depends heavily on its cause and severity. While some forms, like those from severe spinal cord injury, may be permanent, others, such as Bell's palsy or Guillain-Barre syndrome, can be temporary with significant recovery possible through rehabilitation and medical treatment.
Sudden onset of paralysis, especially if it affects one side of the body or is accompanied by other symptoms like speech changes or confusion, is a medical emergency. Call emergency services immediately as it could indicate a stroke or other serious neurological event requiring urgent medical attention.
Rehabilitation for paralysis often includes physical therapy to maintain muscle tone and strength, occupational therapy to adapt to daily activities, and assistive devices like wheelchairs, braces, or communication aids. Support groups and psychological counseling can also help individuals and families adjust.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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