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Bone Cancer
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Cancers

Bone Cancer

Primary bone cancer is uncommon, while metastatic bone disease is more frequent; pain is the most common symptom and surgery is often the main treatment.

Overview

Cancer that starts in a bone is uncommon. Cancer that has spread to the bone from another part of the body is more common.

Types of Bone Cancer

  • Osteosarcoma – occurs most often between ages 10 and 19. It is more common in the knee and upper arm.
  • Chondrosarcoma – starts in cartilage, usually after age 40.
  • Ewing's sarcoma – occurs most often in children and teens under 19. It is more common in boys than girls.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Other symptoms vary, depending on the location and size of the cancer.

Treatment & Management

Surgery is often the main treatment for bone cancer. Other treatments may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Because bone cancer can come back after treatment, regular follow-up visits are important.

Frequently Asked Questions

Signs of recurrence can include the return of pain in the previously treated area, new swelling, or a feeling of instability in the limb. Systemic symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or shortness of breath may also occur if the cancer has spread. Because recurrence is a significant risk, strict adherence to scheduled follow-up appointments and imaging scans is essential for early detection.
Unlike typical sports injuries or arthritis, bone cancer pain often worsens at night and may not improve with rest or over-the-counter pain relievers. It is frequently described as a deep, aching sensation that persists for more than two weeks. If you experience unexplained, progressive pain in a specific bone, especially if it is accompanied by swelling or a palpable lump, it is critical to seek medical evaluation to rule out malignancy.
Engaging in low-impact physical therapy under the guidance of a specialist can help maintain joint range of motion and muscle strength without stressing the affected bone. A balanced diet rich in protein and calcium supports tissue repair and bone health. Additionally, using assistive devices like crutches or braces as recommended by your orthopedic oncologist can prevent fractures and reduce pain during daily activities.
Most primary bone cancers are not hereditary and occur due to random genetic mutations. However, rare genetic syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome or hereditary retinoblastoma can increase the risk of developing bone cancer. If you have a family history of multiple primary cancers or a known genetic predisposition, consult a genetic counselor to determine if screening is appropriate for your children.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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