Question 1

What are the immediate steps to take if I am trapped under debris after an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

If you are trapped, do not shout or cry out as this can cause you to inhale dangerous dust. Instead, cover your mouth with a cloth or your hand. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can hear you, or use your cell phone only if you know help is nearby. Avoid striking a match or lighting a flame, as there may be gas leaks. Try to stay calm to conserve energy and oxygen, and listen for sounds of rescuers. If possible, move loose debris away from your face and airway, but do not attempt to move large heavy objects that could shift and cause further injury.

Question 2

What specific items should be included in a 72-hour emergency kit for earthquake preparedness?

Accepted Answer

standard 72-hour kit should include at least one gallon of water per person per day, non-perishable food, a manual can opener, a battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA weather radio, flashlights with extra batteries, a first-aid kit, dust masks, plastic sheeting and duct tape for shelter-in-place, and a whistle to signal for help. Additionally, include copies of important documents in a waterproof container, cash in small bills, and any necessary medications. It is also critical to have a sturdy pair of shoes to protect against broken glass and debris, as well as a fire extinguisher if you have one at home.

Question 3

How do I distinguish between a minor tremor and a major earthquake that requires immediate evacuation?

Accepted Answer

You generally cannot distinguish the magnitude of an earthquake by feel alone, as even small quakes can feel intense depending on depth and distance. However, if the shaking lasts longer than 10 to 15 seconds, feels violent enough to make you lose your balance, or causes significant structural damage like falling objects or cracking walls, you should assume it is a major event. After the shaking stops, check for gas leaks, structural instability, and aftershocks before deciding whether to evacuate or stay in a safe spot. If you are in a coastal area, any strong shaking lasting more than 20 seconds is a warning to move immediately to high ground due to tsunami risk.

Question 4

How should I secure heavy furniture and appliances in my home to prevent injury during an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

You should anchor all tall, heavy furniture such as bookcases, cabinets, and armoires to wall studs using L-brackets or anti-tip straps. Secure large appliances like refrigerators and washing machines with straps designed for this purpose. Additionally, move heavy items like televisions, mirrors, and vases to lower shelves or secure them with non-slip pads. Ensure that overhead lighting fixtures are firmly attached, and consider installing flexible gas lines for your stove and water heater to prevent gas leaks and fires, which are common secondary disasters after earthquakes.

Earthquakes

Overview

Potential Hazards

Preparation and Coping

Frequently Asked Questions