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Preterm Labor
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Female Reproductive System

Preterm Labor

Preterm labor is defined as labor that begins before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy and may result in premature birth.

Overview

Preterm labor can lead to premature birth, which may cause serious health risks for the baby. It is important to recognize the signs early.

Symptoms

If you experience any of the following, you may be in preterm labor:

  • Contractions occurring every 10 minutes or more frequently
  • Vaginal bleeding or leaking fluid
  • A persistent feeling of pressure in the pelvis
  • A low, dull backache
  • Cramps similar to menstrual cramps
  • Abdominal cramps, which may or may not be accompanied by diarrhea

Management

If you suspect you are experiencing preterm labor, contact your health care provider immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Braxton Hicks contractions are typically irregular, painless or mildly uncomfortable, and do not increase in frequency or intensity over time. True preterm labor contractions are regular, become stronger and closer together, and often persist even after changing positions or resting. If you experience contractions every 10 minutes or more frequently, or if they do not stop after an hour of rest and hydration, seek immediate medical attention.
Transvaginal ultrasound can measure cervical length, which is a key predictor of preterm birth risk. A short cervix (less than 25 mm) before 24 weeks of gestation indicates a higher risk. For women with a history of preterm birth, a short cervix may lead to recommendations for vaginal progesterone or a cervical cerclage to help keep the cervix closed and reduce the chance of early delivery.
While no single diet prevents preterm labor, maintaining a healthy weight, staying well-hydrated, and avoiding smoking or illicit drug use are critical. Some studies suggest that adequate intake of magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids may support uterine health, but you should not start supplements without consulting your provider. Managing stress and getting adequate sleep are also important, as chronic stress and fatigue can sometimes be associated with early labor signs.
If contractions cease and cervical changes are minimal, you may be discharged with instructions to monitor for recurrence. However, if you are between 24 and 34 weeks, your provider may administer antenatal corticosteroids to accelerate lung development in the baby, even if labor stops, as this significantly improves neonatal outcomes. You will likely be placed on bed rest or activity restriction and monitored closely for any signs of recurrence.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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