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Spleen Diseases
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Immune System

Spleen Diseases

The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system that filters blood and fights infection, though it can be susceptible to swelling or injury.

Function and Anatomy

Your spleen is an organ above your stomach and under your ribs on your left side. It is about as big as your fist. The spleen is part of your lymphatic system, which fights infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. It contains white blood cells that fight germs. Your spleen also helps control the amount of blood in your body, and destroys old and damaged cells.

Diseases and Management

Certain diseases might cause your spleen to swell. You can also damage or rupture your spleen in an injury, especially if it is already swollen. If your spleen is too damaged, you might need surgery to remove it. You can live without a spleen. Other organs, such as your liver, will take over some of the spleen's work. Without a spleen, however, your body will lose some of its ability to fight infections.

Frequently Asked Questions

ruptured spleen can cause sudden, severe left‑upper‑abdominal pain that may radiate to the left shoulder (Kehr's sign). You may also notice rapid breathing, dizziness, fainting, or a sudden drop in blood pressure. If you experience any of these symptoms after a fall or impact, seek emergency care immediately.
void contact sports such as football, rugby, or boxing unless you have protective gear. Use a snug, padded abdominal belt during activities that could impact the left side. Inform friends and family about your condition so they can help you avoid risky situations. Regular check‑ups with your hematologist can monitor spleen size and adjust precautions as needed.
Yes, most people return to normal activities after recovery. However, you will have an increased risk of infections, especially from encapsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Your doctor will recommend vaccinations (pneumococcal, meningococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type b) and may prescribe prophylactic antibiotics during high‑risk periods. Keep a medical alert card and inform healthcare providers of your splenectomy.
n enlarged spleen can sequester red blood cells, leading to decreased circulating red cells and anemia. Treatment depends on the underlying cause: if due to infection, antibiotics may help; if due to a blood disorder, medications or transfusions may be needed. In severe cases, splenectomy may be considered to relieve sequestration and improve blood counts.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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