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Drowning
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Injuries Wounds

Drowning

Drowning occurs when water enters the lungs and can happen quickly and silently, even in very shallow water.

Overview

Drowning happens when a person gets too much water in their lungs. It can occur in as little as an inch or two of water. While babies are at risk in sinks or bathtubs and preschoolers are most likely to drown in swimming pools, individuals with seizure disorders are also at increased risk.

Prevention and Precautions

To ensure safety around water, the following precautions should be taken:

  • Install fences around pools.
  • Supervise children near any body of water, including tubs.
  • Avoid swimming or boating while under the influence of alcohol or sedatives.
  • Wear life jackets when boating.
  • Learn CPR.

Frequently Asked Questions

Rescue breaths are critical because drowning victims often have low oxygen. After 30 chest compressions, give 2 slow breaths, each lasting about 1 second, enough to see the chest rise. Continue the 30:2 ratio until professional help takes over or the victim shows signs of life.
Never leave a baby unattended, even for a few seconds. Fill the tub with no more than 2 inches of water and keep the faucet running to maintain a constant temperature. Use a non‑slip mat, keep all bathing supplies out of reach, and consider a bathtub safety ring or a small, secure infant bath seat that does not replace supervision.
Early signs can include a sudden loss of balance, clinging to the edge, head low in the water, eyes wide or glassy, gasping or hyperventilating, and an inability to call for help. In shallow water, a child may stand upright then suddenly sink or disappear under the surface.
Begin CPR immediately if the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest (two‑hand technique for adults, one‑hand for children). Push down 2 inches (adults) or 2‑2.4 inches (children) at a rate of 100‑120 compressions per minute. After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths, watching for chest rise. Continue cycles until help arrives or the person recovers.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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