Self-Harm
Self-harm is an unhealthy way to cope with strong feelings, involving the purposeful injury of one's own body.
What is self-harm?
Self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person hurts his or her own body on purpose. The injuries may be minor, but sometimes they can be severe, leading to permanent scars or serious health problems. Examples include:
- Cutting yourself (such as using a razor blade, knife, or other sharp object to cut your skin)
- Punching yourself or punching things (like a wall)
- Burning yourself with cigarettes, matches, or candles
- Poking objects through body openings
- Breaking your bones or bruising yourself
Self-harm is not a mental disorder; it is a behavior. However, some people who harm themselves do have a mental disorder. While they are usually not trying to attempt suicide, they are at a higher risk of attempting suicide if they do not get help.
Why do people harm themselves?
People often harm themselves because they have trouble coping with their feelings. Motivations include:
- Making themselves feel something (because they feel empty or numb inside)
- Blocking upsetting memories
- Showing that they need help
- Releasing strong feelings that overwhelm them, such as anger, loneliness, or hopelessness
- Punishing themselves
- Feeling a sense of control
Risk Factors
Self-harm is more common in people who:
- Were abused or went through a trauma as children
- Have mental disorders, such as depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, or certain personality disorders
- Misuse drugs or alcohol
- Have friends who self-harm
- Have low self-esteem
Signs of Self-Harm
- Having frequent cuts, bruises, or scars
- Wearing long sleeves or pants even in hot weather
- Making excuses about injuries
- Having sharp objects around for no clear reason
Treatment and Support
If someone you know is self-harming, it is important not to be judgmental. If the person is a child or teenager, encourage them to talk to a trusted adult. If the person is an adult, suggest mental health counseling.
There are no medicines to treat self-harming behaviors directly, but medicines can treat underlying mental disorders like anxiety and depression. Mental health counseling or therapy can help by teaching:
- Problem-solving skills
- New ways to cope with strong emotions
- Better relationship skills
- Ways to strengthen self-esteem
If the problem is severe, the person may need more intensive treatment in a psychiatric hospital or a mental health day program.