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Salivary Gland Disorders
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Mouth Teeth

Salivary Gland Disorders

Salivary glands produce essential saliva for digestion and oral health, but they can become irritated or swollen due to infection, obstruction, or other medical conditions.

Your salivary glands are in your mouth. You have three pairs of major salivary glands and hundreds of small (minor) glands. They make saliva (spit) and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.

Symptoms of Salivary Gland Problems

Problems with salivary glands can cause them to become irritated and swollen. You may have symptoms such as:

  • A bad taste in your mouth
  • Difficulty opening your mouth
  • Dry mouth
  • Pain in your face or mouth
  • Swelling of your face or neck

Causes

Causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as mumps or Sjogren's syndrome.

Frequently Asked Questions

Diagnosis usually starts with a physical examination of your mouth and neck. Your doctor may also order imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the glands and ducts. In some cases, a procedure called sialography (an X-ray with dye) or a biopsy might be performed to identify the exact cause, especially if cancer is suspected.
Common causes include salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis) that block ducts, or infections (sialadenitis). For mild symptoms, you can try drinking plenty of water, massaging the affected gland, applying warm compresses, and sucking on sour candies or lemon wedges to stimulate saliva flow and potentially dislodge stones. If symptoms worsen or persist, see a doctor.
You should see a doctor if you experience persistent or worsening pain and swelling, especially if accompanied by fever, chills, difficulty opening your mouth, trouble swallowing, or rapid swelling. These could indicate a more serious infection, a larger blockage, or another underlying condition requiring medical attention.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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