Smallpox
Smallpox is a serious disease caused by the Variola major virus that was eradicated through worldwide vaccination.
Overview
Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined. Worldwide vaccination stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago, and the last case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still keep small amounts of the virus, and experts fear bioterrorists could use the virus to spread disease.
Symptoms
Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and include:
- High fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Backache
- A rash with flat red sores
Treatment and Vaccination
There is no treatment. Fluids and medicines for pain or fever can help control symptoms. Most people recover, but some can die. Those who do recover may have severe scars.
The U.S. stopped routine smallpox vaccinations in 1972. Military and other high-risk groups continue to get the vaccine. The U.S. has increased its supply of the vaccine in recent years. Because the vaccine makes some people sick, doctors save it for those at highest risk of disease.