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Genetic Counseling
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Pregnancy Reproduction

Genetic Counseling

Genetic counseling provides essential information and support for individuals navigating risks related to genetic disorders or birth defects.

Genetic counseling provides information and support to people who have, or may be at risk for, genetic disorders. A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. The counseling may be for yourself or a family member. Or you may get it when you are planning or expecting a baby. You may follow up with genetic testing.

When to seek genetic counseling

There are many reasons to seek genetic counseling. You may consider it if you:

  • Have a personal or family history of a genetic condition or birth defect
  • Are pregnant or planning to be pregnant after age 35
  • Already have a child with a genetic disorder or birth defect
  • Have had two or more pregnancy losses or a baby who died
  • Have had ultrasound or screening tests that suggest a possible problem

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. A genetic counselor can explain your specific risk, outline available testing options (such as carrier screening, pre‑implantation genetic testing, or prenatal diagnostic tests), and discuss reproductive choices like IVF, adoption, or natural conception with risk mitigation.
Many insurers cover genetic testing when it is medically indicated and ordered by a qualified provider. A genetic counselor can help you obtain pre‑authorization, provide documentation of medical necessity, and guide you through the claims process to maximize coverage.
If you have had two or more pregnancy losses, especially if they were early or involved a single embryo, it is recommended to seek genetic counseling. A counselor can review your medical and family history, discuss potential genetic causes, and help you decide on appropriate testing or future pregnancy plans.
Common tests include karyotyping to detect chromosomal abnormalities, chromosomal microarray (CMA) for sub‑microscopic changes, targeted gene panels for specific conditions, and whole‑exome or whole‑genome sequencing when appropriate. The counselor will tailor the test panel to your family history and clinical presentation.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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