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Food Safety
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Safety Issues

Food Safety

Practicing safe habits in food handling, cooking, and storage is the most effective way to prevent foodborne illness at home.

Four Basic Steps to Food Safety

There are four basic steps to food safety at home:

  • Clean - always wash your fruits and vegetables, hands, counters, and cooking utensils.
  • Separate - keep raw foods to themselves. Germs can spread from one food to another.
  • Cook - foods need to get hot and stay hot. Heat kills germs.
  • Chill - put fresh food in the refrigerator right away.

Grocery Store Precautions

In the grocery store, avoid cans that are bulging or jars that have cracks or loose lids. Check packages to be sure food hasn't reached its expiration date.

United States Department of Agriculture

Frequently Asked Questions

Cooked leftovers should be refrigerated within two hours of cooking and are generally safe to eat for 3 to 4 days. After this time, the risk of bacterial growth increases, even if the food looks and smells fine. Always reheat leftovers to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
Common signs of foodborne illness include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. Most cases are mild and resolve on their own. However, you should seek medical attention if you experience severe dehydration, bloody diarrhea, a fever over 102°F (39°C), prolonged vomiting, or symptoms that last more than a few days, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, older adults, pregnant women, or those with weakened immune systems.
To ensure food safety, chicken and other poultry should be cooked to 165°F (74°C). Ground beef and other ground meats should reach 160°F (71°C). Pork roasts, chops, and steaks should be cooked to 145°F (63°C) with a 3-minute rest time. Always use a food thermometer to verify internal temperatures.
Yes, some foods are more prone to causing foodborne illness due to their composition or how they are processed. These include raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs; unpasteurized dairy products and juices; raw sprouts; and pre-cut fruits and vegetables that have not been properly handled or stored. Special care should be taken when preparing and storing these items.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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