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Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Skin Hair Nails

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and hips, most commonly affecting individuals over 50.

Overview

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a condition that causes muscle pain and stiffness, particularly in the neck, shoulders, and hips. It is most common in women and almost always occurs in people over the age of 50. The onset can be gradual or occur overnight.

Symptoms

The primary symptom is stiffness after resting. Other associated symptoms include:

  • Muscle pain
  • Fever
  • Weakness
  • Weight loss

Diagnosis

The cause of the disorder is unknown, and there is no specific test for it. Diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and symptoms. Lab tests for inflammation may be used to help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment & Management

Polymyalgia rheumatica sometimes occurs alongside giant cell arteritis, a condition causing swelling of the arteries in the head, which may present with headaches and blurred vision. Doctors often treat both conditions with prednisone, a steroid medicine. With treatment, symptoms usually resolve within a day or two; without treatment, the condition typically persists for a year or more.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, polymyalgia rheumatica can coexist with giant cell arteritis, which can lead to headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, and, if untreated, sudden vision loss or permanent blindness. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential.
The diagnosis is clinical, based on a combination of characteristic pain in the neck, shoulders, and hips, morning stiffness lasting at least 30 minutes, and elevated inflammatory markers (ESR or CRP). Doctors rule out other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, or osteoarthritis by reviewing joint involvement, muscle strength, and laboratory tests. A rapid response to low‑dose prednisone is also a key diagnostic clue.
Most patients notice a marked reduction in stiffness and pain within 24 to 48 hours of beginning prednisone therapy. The dose is usually tapered slowly over weeks or months once symptoms are controlled.
Gentle stretching and low‑impact exercises (e.g., walking, swimming, tai chi) performed daily can improve mobility. Applying warm compresses to stiff areas, maintaining a healthy weight, and ensuring adequate sleep also help. Avoiding sudden, heavy lifting and using ergonomic supports at work can reduce strain.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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