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Weight Loss Surgery
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Surgery Rehabilitation

Weight Loss Surgery

Weight loss surgery is an option for individuals with extreme obesity who have been unable to lose weight through diet and exercise or who face serious obesity-related health problems.

Overview

There are different types of weight loss surgery, which generally function by limiting the amount of food you can consume. Some procedures also alter the way your body digests food and absorbs nutrients. While many patients experience rapid weight loss, it is common to regain some weight later on. Maintaining weight loss requires adherence to diet and exercise recommendations and a commitment to lifelong medical follow-up.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, weight loss surgery carries potential risks and complications, including:

  • Infections
  • Hernias
  • Blood clots

Frequently Asked Questions

fter gastric bypass you will need a daily multivitamin with iron, calcium citrate (1,200‑1,500 mg), vitamin D (3,000‑5,000 IU), vitamin B12 (either oral high‑dose or monthly injection), and possibly additional iron or folate if labs show deficiency. These supplements replace nutrients that are no longer absorbed efficiently in the altered gut and prevent anemia, bone loss, and neurologic problems.
Urgent signs include severe abdominal pain, fever >38 °C (100.4 °F), persistent vomiting, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, swelling or redness at incision sites, sudden dizziness or fainting, and any signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dark urine, low urine output). These may indicate infection, leak, blood clot, or obstruction and require prompt evaluation.
Most patients can sit up and walk within a day, return to light household tasks in 2‑3 weeks, and resume low‑impact exercise (walking, stationary bike) by 4‑6 weeks. High‑impact activities or heavy lifting usually require 8‑12 weeks, depending on the specific procedure and your surgeon’s guidance.
Beyond BMI (≥40 kg/m² or ≥35 kg/m² with obesity‑related comorbidities), surgeons look for documented attempts at diet/exercise, control of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, or sleep apnea, and a psychological evaluation confirming you can adhere to lifelong dietary changes, follow‑up appointments, and have realistic expectations. Active substance abuse, uncontrolled psychiatric illness, or inability to attend follow‑up are common exclusion factors.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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