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Sciatica
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Symptoms

Sciatica

Sciatica is a symptom of a problem with the sciatic nerve, characterized by pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling that typically radiates down one side of the body.

Overview

Sciatica is a symptom of a problem with the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body. This nerve controls muscles in the back of your knee and lower leg and provides feeling to the back of your thigh, part of your lower leg, and the sole of your foot.

When you have sciatica, you may experience pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling. The sensation can start in the lower back and extend down your leg to your calf, foot, or even your toes. It is usually on only one side of your body.

Causes & Risk Factors

Common causes of sciatica include:

  • A ruptured intervertebral disk
  • Narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on the nerve, called spinal stenosis
  • An injury such as a pelvic fracture

In many cases, no cause can be found.

Treatment & Management

Sometimes sciatica goes away on its own. If treatment is needed, it depends on the cause of the problem. Options may include exercises, medicines, and surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces lumbar load, practicing good posture at work and home, using ergonomic chairs, and taking frequent breaks to stand or walk can lower the risk of disc irritation. Regular low‑impact exercise, such as swimming or walking, keeps the spine flexible and muscles supportive.
Most people notice improvement within a few weeks, but the exact time varies. Factors that influence recovery include the underlying cause (e.g., a herniated disc versus spinal stenosis), overall health, and how consistently you follow recommended treatments such as rest, heat, and gentle movement. If pain persists beyond 6–8 weeks or worsens, it’s a good idea to seek medical evaluation.
Low‑impact activities that avoid heavy lifting are best. Gentle lumbar stretches like the knee‑to‑chest pose, piriformis stretch, and seated hamstring stretch can reduce nerve compression. Strengthening the core with planks or bird‑dog exercises improves spinal stability. Always perform movements slowly, avoid sudden twisting, and stop if pain spikes.
Surgery is usually considered when conservative measures (medication, physical therapy, injections) fail after 6–12 weeks, or if there is progressive weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or severe, unrelenting pain that interferes with daily life. Your surgeon will evaluate imaging results and your functional status before recommending an operation.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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