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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Screening
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Lab Tests

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Screening

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening is a vital tool used to identify early signs of developmental differences in children, allowing for timely intervention and support.

Overview

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by brain differences that affect how a person interacts, communicates, learns, and behaves. It is a "spectrum disorder," meaning symptoms and strengths vary widely. While it can be diagnosed at any age, symptoms typically appear within the first two years of life.

Screening for Children

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine ASD screening at 18-month and 24-month well-child checkups. Screening methods include:

  • Questionnaires: Parents provide information on development and behavior.
  • Observation: Providers watch how a child plays and interacts.
  • Interactive screening tests: Play-based activities to check communication and social skills.

If screening indicates signs of ASD, a specialist—such as a developmental pediatrician, child neurologist, or child psychologist—will perform further testing to confirm a diagnosis.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Common signs of ASD include difficulties with eye contact, social interaction, and communication, as well as repetitive behaviors or intense, narrow interests. Risk factors include having a sibling with ASD, older parents, or certain genetic conditions. Research has shown no link between vaccines and ASD.

Screening for Adults

Adults may seek screening if they were never diagnosed as children but experience challenges with social interaction, communication, or repetitive behaviors. Because adult diagnostic testing is a newer field, primary care providers may refer adults to specialists with experience in adult ASD diagnosis.

Next Steps

Screening is not a diagnosis. If a child or adult shows signs of ASD, early treatment and support services are essential to improve quality of life and manage symptoms. If you have concerns about your child or yourself, consult a healthcare provider regardless of previous screening results.

Frequently Asked Questions

Many pediatric practices provide the screening questionnaire (e.g., M‑CHAT‑R) online or in the waiting room. Completing it ahead of time can save appointment time, but the results should still be discussed with your provider, who will decide whether an in‑person assessment is needed.
If you notice early signs such as lack of eye contact, delayed babbling, or limited response to your name, you can request an early screening. Pediatricians can administer tools like the M‑CHAT‑R or observe play behaviors, and if needed, refer you for a more comprehensive evaluation sooner than the routine 18‑month visit.
positive screen indicates that your child shows signs that increase the likelihood of ASD, but it is not a diagnosis. It means the child should undergo a full diagnostic assessment by a specialist, and early intervention services can be started while the evaluation is underway.
Repetitive behaviors that are age‑appropriate, brief, and flexible (e.g., a toddler spinning a toy) are usually normal. Persistent, intense, or socially restrictive behaviors—such as a child insisting on the same activity for hours, or avoiding all social interaction—warrant further evaluation. If you’re unsure, bring specific examples to your pediatrician for discussion.===
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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