Blood Smear
A blood smear is a diagnostic test that examines blood cells under a microscope to help identify blood disorders, infections, and certain types of cancer.
What is a blood smear?
A blood smear is a test used to diagnose and monitor blood disorders and other conditions. A sample of your blood is spread on a glass slide, treated with a special stain, and examined under a microscope to check the size, shape, and number of your red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Why do I need a blood smear?
You may need a blood smear if you have had abnormal results on a complete blood count (CBC) or if you exhibit symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, unusual bleeding, easy bruising, fever, bone pain, or swollen lymph nodes. It is also used to monitor treatment for conditions like anemia or blood cancer, and to detect parasitic diseases like malaria or babesiosis.
What happens during a blood smear?
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a small needle. In some cases, a finger prick or heel prick (for infants) may be used. The procedure is quick, typically taking less than five minutes.
What do the results mean?
A blood smear alone cannot diagnose a condition; it is used alongside your medical history and other test results. Abnormal findings may indicate:
- Red blood cell issues: Potential signs of anemia, sickle cell disease, or thalassemia.
- White blood cell issues: Potential signs of infection or leukemia.
- Platelet issues:Thrombocytopenia (low platelets, increasing bleeding risk) or thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia (high platelets, which may increase the risk of blood clots).
Other factors, such as severe illness, stress, or blood transfusions, can also influence your results. If your results are abnormal, your provider will likely order further testing to determine the underlying cause.