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Dental Exam
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Lab Tests

Dental Exam

Regular dental exams are essential for maintaining oral health, preventing tooth decay and gum disease, and identifying potential issues early.

What is a dental exam?

A dental exam is a routine checkup of your teeth and gums. It typically consists of three parts: a dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, X-rays (as needed), and a physical examination of your mouth by a dentist. These exams are vital for preventing common problems like cavities and periodontal disease, which can lead to pain, infection, and tooth loss.

Why do I need a dental exam?

Most adults and children should have a routine dental exam every six months. You may require more frequent visits if you have gum disease, a history of frequent cavities, or health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or an immune system disorder. Additionally, if you experience tooth pain, bleeding gums, or other discomfort, you should contact your dentist immediately.

What happens during a dental exam?

Dental Cleaning:

  • Scaling: A hygienist uses metal tools to remove plaque (a film of bacteria) and tartar (a hard substance that forms from unremoved plaque) from your teeth.
  • Polishing: Teeth are polished with a slightly gritty paste.
  • Flossing: The hygienist will floss your teeth to ensure cleanliness.
  • Fluoride or Sealants: Fluoride treatments or protective sealants may be applied to prevent decay.

Dental X-rays: These are used to identify hidden cavities, bone loss, or other issues. You will wear a lead apron to protect against radiation during this process.

Dentist's Exam: The dentist will review your X-rays, check your bite, and perform an oral cancer screening by checking for unusual lumps in your mouth, lips, tongue, face, and neck.

Tips for a Healthy Mouth

To maintain strong teeth and gums between visits:

  • Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste.
  • Clean between your teeth daily using floss or an interdental cleaner.
  • Replace your toothbrush every three to four months.
  • Eat a healthy diet and limit sugary foods and drinks.
  • Drink fluoridated water.
  • Avoid smoking, as it increases the risk of gum disease.

Frequently Asked Questions

You should seek immediate care if you experience severe toothache, swelling in the face or gums, a broken or knocked-out tooth, or unexplained bleeding from the gums. Additionally, if you notice a persistent sore in your mouth that does not heal within two weeks, a lump in your neck, or difficulty swallowing or speaking, you should contact your dentist right away, as these can be signs of infection or oral cancer.
routine cleaning (prophylaxis) removes plaque and tartar from above the gumline and polishes the teeth. A deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, is a therapeutic procedure performed when gum disease (periodontitis) is present. It involves cleaning below the gumline to remove tartar and bacteria from the root surfaces to stop the progression of gum disease. A deep cleaning is necessary when the gums are inflamed, bleeding, or receding, and the pockets between the teeth and gums are deeper than normal.
The frequency of X-rays depends on your individual risk factors, such as a history of cavities, gum disease, or trauma. For low-risk adults, bitewing X-rays are often recommended every one to two years, while high-risk patients may need them every six months. Children may require X-rays less frequently if they have no history of decay. Digital X-rays use significantly less radiation than traditional film, and the dose is extremely low, making them safe for children when clinically indicated.
Dentists are often the first to notice signs of systemic conditions because oral health is linked to overall health. For example, gum disease has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. A dentist may notice signs of diabetes, such as slow-healing gums or frequent infections, or signs of vitamin deficiencies and eating disorders. They can also detect early signs of oral cancer through a visual and physical examination of the lips, tongue, cheeks, and neck, which is a standard part of every exam.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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