Lipoprotein (a) Blood Test
A lipoprotein (a) blood test measures a specific type of "bad" cholesterol to help determine your risk for heart disease, stroke, and arterial blockages.
What is a lipoprotein (a) blood test?
A lipoprotein (a) test measures the level of lipoprotein (a) in your blood. Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats that carry cholesterol through the bloodstream. Lipoprotein (a) is a type of LDL ("bad") cholesterol.
Because these particles are "stickier" than other LDL particles, they are more likely to cause blockages and blood clots in your arteries. This can lead to atherosclerosis, or "hardening of the arteries," which may result in:
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Other blood vessel diseases
This test provides a more accurate risk assessment than a routine cholesterol test, as your total LDL level might appear healthy even if a large percentage of that cholesterol is carried by high-risk lipoprotein (a) particles.
Why do I need a lipoprotein (a) test?
This is not a routine screening test. It is typically ordered if you have a high risk for arterial blockages, such as:
- A family history of early heart or blood vessel disease.
- High LDL cholesterol that does not respond to medication.
- Heart or blood vessel disease despite having normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
- Signs of familial hypercholesterolemia.
- History of multiple heart attacks or angioplasties.
What happens during a lipoprotein (a) test?
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The process usually takes less than five minutes.
Preparation and Results
You may need to fast for 9 to 12 hours before the test. Inform your provider if you consume alcohol or take niacin supplements, aspirin, or oral estrogen hormones, as these can affect results.
Because your genes control your lipoprotein (a) levels, they generally remain stable throughout your life and are not typically changed by diet or exercise. However, if your levels are high, your provider may recommend steps to improve overall heart health, such as:
- Taking medication to lower LDL cholesterol.
- Eating a healthy diet and losing weight.
- Quitting smoking and getting regular exercise.
- Reducing stress and lowering blood pressure.