Lung Cancer Genetic Tests
Genetic tests for lung cancer identify specific gene mutations in cancer cells to help predict disease progression and guide targeted therapy.
What are Lung Cancer Genetic Tests?
These tests look for changes in the genes of cancer cells, also known as gene variants or mutations. Identifying these changes helps providers match patients to targeted therapy—treatments that attack specific cancer cells while causing less harm to normal cells compared to traditional chemotherapy or radiation.
Genetic testing is most common for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as this type is more likely to have mutations that respond to targeted therapies.
Understanding Gene Changes
The gene changes found in lung cancer are typically not inherited; they develop after birth due to factors like tobacco smoke, radon gas, air pollution, or errors during cell division. These mutations cause cells to grow out of control, forming tumors.
Testing Procedures
The preferred sample for testing is tissue from a lung tumor, collected via a biopsy. Biopsy methods include:
- Using a hollow needle inserted through the skin.
- Bronchoscopy.
- Surgical procedures involving an incision in the chest.
If tumor tissue cannot be collected, a liquid biopsy—a blood test that detects tumor DNA—may be used in certain cases, though it is generally less accurate than tissue testing.
Interpreting Results
Results help determine the best course of treatment:
- If a mutation is found that responds to targeted therapy, that treatment may be initiated.
- If no targetable mutation is found, other treatment options are explored.
- Some results may indicate that a specific therapy will not work, helping to avoid ineffective treatments.
Genetic testing can take several days to a week or more to process.