Malaria Tests
Malaria tests identify parasitic infections in the blood to ensure early treatment and prevent life-threatening complications.
What are malaria tests?
Malaria is a serious disease caused by parasites that live and reproduce in human red blood cells. It is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. While rare in the United States, it is common in tropical and subtropical regions. Malaria is not spread through casual contact or sex, though it can be transmitted via blood transfusions or from mother to unborn baby.
What are they used for?
Tests are used to diagnose malaria and identify the specific type of parasite present, which is critical for selecting the correct treatment. Testing also helps control the spread of the disease by identifying infected individuals so they can be treated before they pass the parasite to other mosquitoes.
Why do I need a malaria test?
You may need testing if you have symptoms and have recently traveled to an area where malaria is common. Symptoms can appear 7 to 30 days after a bite, though they may take up to a year to manifest.
Early Symptoms
- Fever and chills
- Fatigue and headache
- Muscle pain
- Nausea and vomiting
Severe Symptoms (if untreated)
- Anemia and jaundice
- Kidney failure
- Seizures and mental confusion
- Coma
What happens during a malaria test?
A health care professional will collect a blood sample from a vein in your arm. Two primary tests are used:
- Blood smear test: A drop of blood is examined under a microscope to identify the parasite. This is the most accurate way to determine the type of parasite.
- Rapid diagnostic test (RDT): Detects proteins from the parasite in under 15 minutes. If positive, a blood smear is still required to identify the specific parasite type.
Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?
No special preparations are required.
Are there any risks to the test?
Risks are minimal, typically limited to slight pain or bruising at the needle site.
What do the results mean?
Negative: No parasites were found. Because parasite levels fluctuate, your provider may order three sets of tests over 12–24 hour intervals to rule out infection.
Positive: You have malaria. Treatment will be prescribed immediately based on the parasite type, your medical history, and whether you are pregnant. Early treatment is usually curative.
Is there anything else I need to know?
If you are traveling to a region where malaria is common, consult your provider about preventative medication and steps to avoid mosquito bites.