Mononucleosis (Mono) Tests
Mononucleosis tests identify viral infections, most commonly the Epstein-Barr virus, which causes symptoms like extreme fatigue, fever, and sore throat.
Overview
Mononucleosis (mono) is an infectious disease typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), though other viruses can also be responsible. It is often called the "kissing disease" because it spreads through saliva, as well as through blood and other body fluids.
Symptoms
While many children infected with EBV show no symptoms, teens and young adults are more likely to develop classic signs, including:
- Extreme fatigue
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Enlarged spleen
- Swollen liver
- Rash
Types of Tests
- Monospot test: Looks for specific antibodies in the blood. While fast, it has a high rate of false negatives.
- EBV antibody test: Detects specific EBV antibodies to determine if an infection is recent or occurred in the past.
Providers may also order a complete blood count or throat culture to rule out other conditions like strep throat.
Procedure & Risks
Testing requires a small blood sample taken from either a fingertip prick or a vein in the arm. Both methods are quick, usually taking less than five minutes, with minimal risk of pain or bruising.
Treatment & Management
There is no cure for mono; treatment focuses on symptom relief:
- Get plenty of rest and fluids.
- Use lozenges for sore throats.
- Use over-the-counter pain relievers (avoid aspirin in children/teens due to the risk of Reye syndrome).
Because mono can cause an enlarged spleen, which carries a risk of rupture, providers recommend avoiding contact sports and intense exercise for about a month.