Rash Evaluation
A rash evaluation helps identify the underlying cause of skin irritation, distinguishing between allergic reactions, irritants, and other medical conditions.
Overview
A rash evaluation is a diagnostic process to determine the cause of dermatitis—an area of red, irritated, and often itchy skin. Providers evaluate your medical history, recent exposure to new products or substances, and perform a physical exam. They may also utilize patch tests, skin cultures, or skin biopsies.
Types of Contact Dermatitis
- Allergic contact dermatitis: Occurs when your immune system reacts to a harmless substance (allergen), such as poison ivy, fragrances, cosmetics, nickel, or latex. It is often more itchy than painful.
- Irritant contact dermatitis: Occurs when the skin is damaged by an irritating substance like detergents, strong soaps, or pesticides. It is usually more painful than itchy and develops quickly.
Why do I need a rash evaluation?
You should seek an evaluation if at-home treatments fail or if you experience symptoms such as severe pain, blisters, signs of infection (yellow/green fluid, warmth, red streaks), or fever. Seek immediate medical attention (call 911) if the rash spreads suddenly, you have trouble breathing, or your face swells, as these may be signs of anaphylaxis.
What happens during the evaluation?
Testing methods vary based on your symptoms:
- Patch test: Small patches containing allergens are applied to your skin for 48 to 96 hours to check for reactions.
- Blood test: A sample is taken to check for signs of infection or allergic responses.
- Skin biopsy: A small piece of skin is removed for laboratory analysis.
What do the results mean?
- Patch test: Redness or swelling at a site indicates an allergy to the tested substance.
- Blood test: Abnormal results may suggest an infection (viral, bacterial, or fungal) or an allergic reaction.
- Skin biopsy: Results may confirm skin disorders like eczema or psoriasis, or identify an infection.
Your provider will synthesize your symptoms, medical history, and test results to determine the appropriate treatment plan.