HomeGeneticsConditionAndrogenetic alopecia
Back to Condition
Androgenetic alopecia
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Condition

Androgenetic alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women, characterized by distinct patterns of thinning and receding hairlines.

Overview

Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss. In men, it is also known as male pattern baldness, and in women, it is also known as female pattern hair loss.

Symptoms

In Men

  • Hair loss begins above both temples.
  • The hairline recedes over time to form a characteristic "M" shape.
  • Hair thins at the top of the head (vertex or crown).
  • Often progresses to partial or complete baldness.

In Women

  • Hair becomes thinner at the top of the head.
  • The middle part widens.
  • The hairline does not typically recede.
  • Rarely leads to total baldness.

Causes & Risk Factors

A variety of genetic and environmental factors play a role in androgenetic alopecia. Research indicates that this form of hair loss, particularly in men, is related to hormones called androgens, specifically dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Androgens regulate the hair growth cycle. Too much stimulation of hair follicles by androgens can lead to a shorter growth period, resulting in shorter and thinner strands of hair. The growth of new hair to replace shed strands is also delayed.

Genetic variations in the AR gene are involved in this condition. This gene provides instructions for making the androgen receptor, which allows the body to respond to DHT and other androgens. Variations in the AR gene may result in receptors that are more easily stimulated, leading to increased activity in hair follicles.

Associated Conditions

  • In Men: Coronary heart disease, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, insulin resistance disorders (diabetes and obesity), and high blood pressure (hypertension).
  • In Women: Increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can lead to irregular menstruation, acne, hirsutism (excess body hair), and weight gain.

Frequency

Androgenetic alopecia affects an estimated 50 million men and 30 million women in the United States. While it can start as early as the teens, the risk increases with age; more than 50 percent of men over age 50 have some degree of hair loss. In women, hair loss is most likely after menopause.

Frequently Asked Questions

Epidemiologic studies show an association between early‑onset androgenetic alopecia and higher rates of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, likely reflecting shared hormonal and genetic pathways. It does not mean every man with baldness will develop these illnesses, but it is reasonable to discuss cardiovascular risk factors with your primary care provider—check blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels regularly. For prostate health, routine age‑appropriate screening (PSA testing or digital exam) follows standard guidelines; hair loss alone does not mandate earlier testing.
ndrogenetic alopecia typically shows a predictable pattern—receding temples and thinning at the crown in men, and diffuse thinning over the top with a preserved frontal hairline in women. The hair loss is gradual and progressive, and the scalp remains healthy without scaling or inflammation. Telogen effluvium causes diffuse shedding across the entire scalp after a stressor and often improves within 3‑6 months. Alopecia areata presents as well‑defined, smooth patches of complete hair loss. A dermatologist can confirm the pattern with a scalp exam and, if needed, a pull test or dermoscopy.
The two first‑line FDA‑approved options are topical minoxidil (2% for women, 5% for men) and oral finasteride 1 mg (men only). Minoxidil may show visible regrowth after 3‑6 months of consistent twice‑daily use; full benefit is usually evident by 12 months. Finasteride often reduces further hair loss within 3‑6 months, with noticeable thickening after about a year. Both require ongoing use; stopping treatment leads to gradual loss of any gains.
While no diet can cure androgenetic alopecia, certain habits may help. Maintaining adequate protein intake supports hair shaft formation. Nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin D, and biotin are important; deficiencies should be corrected. Low‑glycemic diets and regular exercise improve insulin sensitivity, which may indirectly reduce DHT activity. Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol can also benefit overall scalp health. Supplements are not proven to reverse hair loss but can correct deficiencies.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

kontakt@hittavard.se

Ⓒ 2024. Alla rättigheter förbehålls av juxt ab

Sök
Om ossVillkor och policyVanliga frågorKontakta oss