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Lymphatic Diseases
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Immune System

Lymphatic Diseases

The lymphatic system is a vital network of tissues and organs responsible for clearing infections and maintaining fluid balance in the body.

Components of the Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is made up of several interconnected parts:

  • Lymph: A fluid containing white blood cells that defend against germs.
  • Lymph vessels: A network distinct from blood vessels that carries lymph throughout the body.
  • Lymph nodes: Glands found along the lymph vessels that, along with the spleen, serve as sites where white blood cells fight infection.

Additionally, the bone marrow and thymus are integral to the system as they produce the cells found in lymph.

Function and Dysfunction

The primary role of the lymphatic system is to clear away infection and keep body fluids in balance. When the system fails to function properly, fluid can build up in the tissues, leading to swelling known as lymphedema. Other potential issues within the lymphatic system include infections, blockages, and cancer.

Frequently Asked Questions

Practice gentle compression (custom‑fitted sleeves or stockings) during the day, perform prescribed decongestive exercises (e.g., ankle pumps, shoulder rolls), keep the skin clean and moisturized, avoid tight clothing or jewelry, and promptly treat any cuts or insect bites with antiseptic. Elevating the affected limb for 15‑20 minutes several times daily also helps fluid drainage.
Surgery is usually reserved for refractory lymphedema that does not improve with conservative therapy, or for lymphatic obstruction caused by tumors. Options include lymphaticovenular anastomosis (connecting lymph vessels to nearby veins), vascularized lymph node transfer (transplanting healthy nodes), and debulking procedures such as liposuction‑type removal of excess tissue. A multidisciplinary team evaluates risks versus benefits for each patient.
thorough history and physical exam are key. Lymphedema typically affects one limb (or a localized region) and is non‑pitting (does not leave an indentation when pressed). Imaging such as lymphoscintigraphy or MRI can visualize lymphatic flow. Blood tests, echocardiograms, and renal panels assess cardiac, hepatic, or renal causes, which usually produce bilateral or generalized edema.
Early lymphedema often presents as a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the limb, subtle swelling that may be more noticeable at the end of the day, and occasional skin tightness. You might also notice a slight increase in limb circumference compared to the other side. Prompt referral to a lymphedema therapist can prevent progression.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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