Zika Virus
Zika is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause serious birth defects and is primarily managed through symptom relief and bite prevention.
Overview
Zika is a virus spread mostly by mosquitoes. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth, through sexual contact, and through blood transfusions. Outbreaks have been reported in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
Symptoms
Most people infected with the virus do not get sick. When symptoms do occur, they typically appear 2 to 7 days after an infected mosquito bite and are usually mild. Symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Rash
- Joint pain
- Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Diagnosis and Treatment
A blood test can determine if you have the infection. There are currently no vaccines or medicines to treat Zika. Management focuses on supportive care, including resting, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking acetaminophen.
Prevention and Pregnancy
Zika can cause microcephaly—a serious birth defect of the brain—and other complications in babies born to mothers infected during pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises pregnant women to avoid travel to areas with active Zika outbreaks. If travel is necessary, consult a doctor first. To prevent mosquito bites, take the following precautions:
- Use insect repellent.
- Wear clothing that covers your arms, legs, and feet.
- Stay in environments with air conditioning or those that utilize window and door screens.