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Urinalysis
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Kidneys Urinary System

Urinalysis

A urinalysis is a diagnostic test of your urine used to detect infections, kidney problems, diabetes, and to monitor various medical conditions.

Overview

A urinalysis is a test performed on a urine sample. It is frequently used to check for urinary tract infections, kidney problems, or diabetes. You may also undergo this test during a routine checkup, upon hospital admission, prior to surgery, during pregnancy, or to monitor ongoing medical conditions and treatments.

What is Checked

A urinalysis involves an examination of the urine for the following:

  • Color
  • Appearance (clear or cloudy)
  • Odor
  • pH level (acidity)
  • Presence of substances not normally found in urine, such as blood, excess protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin
  • Presence of cells, crystals, and casts (tube-shaped proteins)
  • Presence of bacteria or other germs

Frequently Asked Questions

Trace (very low) protein is often transient and can be caused by dehydration, fever, or strenuous activity; repeat testing after rehydration is usually recommended before pursuing a kidney work‑up.
void heavy protein meals, vitamin supplements, and certain medications (e.g., antibiotics, diuretics) for 24 hours if possible, and collect a mid‑stream clean‑catch sample after washing your hands and genital area.
If the initial test shows infection (bacteria, leukocyte esterase), blood, high glucose, or significant protein, a follow‑up sample is typically collected in 24‑48 hours to confirm persistence and guide treatment decisions.
few red blood cells can appear from a mild urinary tract irritation, recent vigorous exercise, or a tiny kidney stone; if the finding persists, your clinician may order imaging or a repeat test to rule out infection or kidney disease.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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