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Prader-Willi Syndrome
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Mental Health Behavior

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by constant hunger, poor muscle tone, and developmental challenges that require lifelong management.

Overview

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones, and a constant feeling of hunger. Because the part of the brain that controls feelings of fullness does not work properly, people with PWS often overeat, leading to obesity.

Signs and Symptoms

Babies with PWS are usually "floppy" with poor muscle tone and have trouble sucking. As children grow, other signs appear, including:

  • Short stature
  • Poor motor skills
  • Weight gain
  • Underdeveloped sex organs
  • Mild intellectual and learning disabilities

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for PWS. Management focuses on:

  • Growth hormone to help build muscle mass.
  • Exercise and dietary supervision to control weight.
  • Sex hormones and behavior therapy.

Most people with PWS will require specialized care and supervision throughout their lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

Implement a strict meal plan with scheduled, portion-controlled meals and snacks. Use low-calorie, high-fiber foods to promote satiety, and keep high-calorie items out of reach. Encourage mindful eating by having the child sit at a table, chew slowly, and use a timer to limit eating time. Regular physical activity tailored to the child’s abilities also helps regulate appetite.
Designate a specific eating area with a fixed table and chair, and remove tempting foods from the kitchen. Use child‑proof locks on cabinets, and keep a list of approved snacks. Establish a routine of three balanced meals and two small, scheduled snacks. Enlist a family member or caregiver to supervise meal times and to gently redirect the child if they begin to overeat.
Indicators include low growth velocity, short stature relative to age, decreased muscle tone, and delayed puberty. A pediatric endocrinologist will review growth charts, hormone levels, and MRI findings to determine if growth hormone therapy is appropriate and to set dosing. Regular monitoring of height, weight, and IGF‑1 levels is essential.
Untreated obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, joint problems, and cardiovascular disease. It also increases the risk of depression and social isolation. Early weight management through diet, exercise, and medical interventions reduces these complications and improves overall quality of life.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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