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Orthodontia
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Mouth Teeth

Orthodontia

Orthodontia is the branch of dentistry focused on correcting abnormalities of the teeth and jaw to improve bite and alignment.

Some people have naturally straight teeth that fit together. But if you have problems with your bite or the spacing of your teeth, you may need orthodontic care. Orthodontia is the branch of dentistry that deals with abnormalities of the teeth and jaw.

Orthodontic Treatment

Orthodontic care involves the use of devices, such as braces, to:

  • Straighten teeth
  • Correct problems with bite
  • Close gaps between teeth
  • Align lips and teeth properly

Most people who receive orthodontic care are kids, but adults get braces, too. In young children, orthodontic treatment may guide proper jaw growth. This can help permanent teeth to come in properly. Straight permanent teeth can help prevent tooth problems later on.

Frequently Asked Questions

The average adult treatment time ranges from 18 to 36 months, but it can be shorter or longer depending on the complexity of the bite problem, the number of teeth needing adjustment, the patient's compliance with appliance wear, and whether additional procedures like extractions or jaw surgery are required. Early assessment and a clear treatment plan can help keep the timeline on track.
Braces can trap food and plaque, increasing the risk of cavities and gingivitis. To mitigate this, brush at least twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste, use interdental brushes or floss threaders to clean around brackets, and rinse with an antimicrobial mouthwash. Regular dental check‑ups every 4–6 weeks during treatment allow the orthodontist to spot and address issues early.
Most children benefit from a preventive evaluation around age 7, when the permanent first molars and incisors have erupted. Signs that warrant early intervention include a crossbite, overbite, open bite, crowding, or a noticeable difference in tooth alignment. Early treatment can guide jaw growth and reduce the need for more extensive work later.
Yes. Clear ceramic braces, lingual braces (placed on the inside of the teeth), and clear aligner systems such as Invisalign or ClearCorrect offer less visible options. Each has its own suitability criteria, cost, and treatment duration, so discuss your goals and dental condition with your orthodontist to choose the best fit.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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