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Indoor Air Pollution
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Poisoning Toxicology Environmental Health

Indoor Air Pollution

While air pollution is often associated with the outdoors, indoor environments can harbor significant pollutants that impact health and well-being.

Overview

We usually think of air pollution as being outdoors, but the air in your house or office could also be polluted. Sometimes a group of people have symptoms that seem to be linked to time spent in a certain building. There may be a specific cause, such as Legionnaire's disease. Sometimes the cause of the illness cannot be found; this is known as sick building syndrome.

Sources of Indoor Pollution

Common sources of indoor pollution include:

  • Mold and pollen
  • Tobacco smoke
  • Household products and pesticides
  • Gases such as radon and carbon monoxide
  • Materials used in the building such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and lead

Health Impacts and Management

Usually, indoor air quality problems only cause discomfort. Most people feel better as soon as they remove the source of the pollution. However, some pollutants can cause diseases that show up much later, such as respiratory diseases or cancer.

Making sure that your building is well-ventilated and getting rid of pollutants can improve the quality of your indoor air.

Environmental Protection Agency

Frequently Asked Questions

Regularly clean and maintain HVAC systems, including changing filters. Use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens. Avoid smoking indoors. Choose low-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints and cleaning products. Control humidity to prevent mold growth. Consider using an air purifier with a HEPA filter for particulate matter.
If you have persistent, unexplained health symptoms that don't improve with basic ventilation and cleaning, or if you suspect specific pollutants like radon, asbestos, or significant mold growth. Visible mold covering a large area, a strong musty odor, or concerns about building materials like lead paint or formaldehyde are also reasons to consult a professional environmental specialist.
You might notice symptoms like headaches, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat, and worsening of asthma or allergy symptoms. These often improve when you leave the building and return when you re-enter. If multiple people in a building experience similar symptoms, it could indicate a "sick building syndrome" issue.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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