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Ozone
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Poisoning Toxicology Environmental Health

Ozone

Ozone is a gas that serves as a protective shield high in the atmosphere, but acts as a harmful pollutant when found at ground level.

"Good" Ozone

"Good" ozone occurs naturally about 10 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface. It shields us from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Part of the good ozone layer is gone due to man-made chemicals. Without enough good ozone, people may get too much ultraviolet radiation, which may increase the risk of:

  • Skin cancer
  • Cataracts
  • Immune system problems

"Bad" Ozone

"Bad" ozone is at ground level. It forms when pollutants from cars, factories, and other sources react chemically with sunlight. It is the main ingredient in smog and is usually worst in the summer.

Breathing bad ozone can be harmful and may cause:

  • Coughing and throat irritation
  • Worsening of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
  • Permanent lung damage, if you are regularly exposed to it

Environmental Protection Agency

Frequently Asked Questions

Breathing ground-level ozone can cause symptoms like coughing, throat irritation, chest pain, and shortness of breath. For individuals with asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, it can worsen their existing respiratory conditions.
To help reduce ground-level ozone, you can drive less by walking, biking, or using public transport. Also, combine errands, keep your car well-maintained, refuel your vehicle in the evening, and conserve electricity at home.
The depletion of "good" ozone in the upper atmosphere means more of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays reach the Earth's surface. This increased UV exposure can raise your risk of developing skin cancer, cataracts, and can weaken your immune system.
You can check daily air quality forecasts through local news, weather apps, or the EPA's AirNow website (AirNow.gov). When ozone levels are high, especially during summer, limit time outdoors, particularly during the afternoon and early evening, and avoid strenuous activities.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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