HomeHealth TopicsSurgery RehabilitationOstomy
Back to Surgery Rehabilitation
Ostomy
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Surgery Rehabilitation

Ostomy

An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening, known as a stoma, to allow waste to exit the body when the digestive or urinary systems require bypass or healing.

Overview

An ostomy is surgery to create an opening (stoma) from an area inside the body to the outside. It treats certain diseases of the digestive or urinary systems. It can be permanent, when an organ must be removed. It can be temporary, when the organ needs time to heal. The organ could be the small intestine, colon, rectum, or bladder. With an ostomy, there must be a new way for wastes to leave the body.

Types of Ostomy

There are many different types of ostomy. Some examples are:

  • Ileostomy: The bottom of the small intestine (ileum) is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the colon, rectum and anus.
  • Colostomy: The colon is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the rectum and the anus.
  • Urostomy: The tubes that carry urine to the bladder are attached to the stoma. This bypasses the bladder.

Frequently Asked Questions

Choosing a pouch depends on the type of stoma (ileostomy, colostomy, urostomy), the output volume, and your lifestyle. Factors to consider include pouch size, seal type (adhesive vs. ring), odor control, and ease of changing. It’s best to try several brands under the guidance of a stoma nurse, noting how well the pouch stays in place during activity and how it feels against the skin. A well‑fitted pouch reduces leaks, skin irritation, and improves confidence.
fter an ileostomy, the small intestine bypasses the colon, so fluid and electrolyte loss can be significant. Drink at least 2–3 liters of fluids daily, and consider oral rehydration solutions or electrolyte drinks if you have frequent output. Eat small, frequent meals, and include foods rich in potassium (bananas, oranges) and magnesium (nuts, leafy greens). Avoid high‑fiber foods that can increase output volume. Monitor your weight and urine color; light yellow urine indicates adequate hydration. If you notice signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, dark urine), contact your healthcare provider.
Skin irritation, maceration, and breakdown are common around a stoma. Prevention includes keeping the skin clean and dry, using barrier creams or films, ensuring the pouch seal is snug but not too tight, and changing the pouch regularly (usually every 2–3 days). If you notice redness, itching, or a rash, consult your stoma nurse promptly; early treatment can prevent more serious issues.
Seek immediate medical attention if you notice a sudden decrease or cessation of output, abdominal pain, or a bulging or swollen stoma (possible prolapse). A blockage can cause pain, distension, and vomiting, while a prolapse may require manual reduction or surgical intervention. If you experience fever, chills, or signs of infection around the stoma, call your provider right away.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

kontakt@hittavard.se

Ⓒ 2024. Alla rättigheter förbehålls av juxt ab

Sök
Om ossVillkor och policyVanliga frågorKontakta oss