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Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Surgery Rehabilitation

Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic surgery allows surgeons to reshape specific body parts to improve appearance.

Surgeons can reshape the appearance of body parts through cosmetic surgery. Some of the most common body parts people want to improve through surgery include:

  • Breasts: Increase or reduce the size of breasts or reshape sagging breasts
  • Ears: Reduce the size of large ears or set protruding ears back closer to the head
  • Eyes: Correct drooping upper eyelids or remove puffy bags below the eyes
  • Face: Remove facial wrinkles, creases or acne scars
  • Hair: Fill in balding areas with one's own hair
  • Nose: Change the shape of the nose
  • Tummy: Flatten the abdomen

Frequently Asked Questions

breast reduction is appropriate when the size causes physical symptoms such as back, neck, or shoulder pain, skin irritation, or difficulty exercising. A lift (mastopexy) is chosen when the breasts are sagging but not overly large, and the main concern is shape and position. A board‑certified plastic surgeon will evaluate breast volume, skin quality, and your health to recommend the procedure that best meets your goals.
Most patients return to light daily activities within 2‑3 weeks, but strenuous exercise, heavy lifting (over 10 lb), and intense abdominal workouts should be avoided for 6‑8 weeks. Your surgeon will give a personalized timeline, but wearing the compression garment as instructed and gradually increasing activity helps prevent complications like seroma or wound dehiscence.
Risks include allergic reaction to anesthetic agents, breathing difficulties, bleeding, and postoperative infection. To lower these risks, disclose all medications (especially blood thinners), quit smoking at least 4 weeks before surgery, follow pre‑operative fasting instructions, and keep the surgical site clean. Post‑op, avoid touching the nose, use prescribed antibiotics if given, and attend all follow‑up visits.
Insurance usually covers procedures deemed medically necessary (e.g., breast reduction for back pain, reconstruction after cancer). Cosmetic enhancements for appearance alone are typically out‑of‑pocket. Bring your insurance policy, a letter of medical necessity from your physician, and ask the surgeon’s office to submit a pre‑authorization request. Clarify all out‑of‑pocket costs before scheduling.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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