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Headache
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Symptoms

Headache

Headaches are the most common form of pain, often manageable through lifestyle changes, though some symptoms require immediate medical attention.

Overview

Almost everyone has had a headache. Headache is the most common form of pain. It's a major reason people miss days at work or school or visit the doctor.

Causes & Risk Factors

The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals, or use alcohol.

Other common types of headaches include migraines, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches.

Treatment & Management

Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking pain relievers.

When to See a Doctor

Not all headaches require a doctor's attention. But sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with:

  • A stiff neck
  • Fever
  • Confusion
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Pain in the eye or ear

Frequently Asked Questions

If a headache comes on suddenly and is the worst you’ve ever experienced, or if it’s accompanied by a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness, or pain around the eye or ear, seek immediate medical care. These symptoms could indicate a serious condition such as a brain bleed, infection, or aneurysm. How can I tell the difference between a tension headache and a migraine?::Tension headaches usually feel like a constant, dull pressure around the forehead or behind the eyes, often linked to stress or muscle tension. Migraines typically present as throbbing pain on one side of the head, may worsen with light or sound, and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or visual disturbances such as flashing lights. What lifestyle changes can help reduce the frequency of tension headaches?::Regular sleep, balanced meals, staying hydrated, limiting caffeine and alcohol, taking short breaks during prolonged work, practicing relaxation techniques (deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or gentle stretching), and maintaining good posture can all lower tension‑headache occurrence. When should I use over‑the‑counter pain relievers versus prescription medication for headaches?::For occasional tension headaches, acetaminophen or ibuprofen taken as directed is usually sufficient. If you experience frequent migraines, severe pain, or if OTC drugs are ineffective, discuss prescription options such as triptans, anti‑emetics, or preventive medications with your provider.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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