Appendicitis Tests
Appendicitis tests, including blood, urine, and imaging studies, are used to confirm or rule out inflammation of the appendix in patients experiencing abdominal pain.
What are appendicitis tests?
Appendicitis is the inflammation or infection of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. If left untreated, it can burst, leading to a life-threatening bacterial infection or an abscess. Because symptoms can vary, tests are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
Why do I need appendicitis testing?
Testing is typically required if you experience abdominal pain that starts near the belly button and moves to the lower right, worsens with movement or deep breaths, or intensifies over several hours. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling, and bowel changes.
What happens during appendicitis testing?
Your provider will perform an exam and may order one or more of the following:
- Blood tests: Check for signs of infection or inflammation (e.g., high white blood cell count or high C-reactive protein).
- Urine tests: Rule out urinary tract infections or kidney stones.
- Imaging tests:
- CT scan: The most accurate imaging test; may involve contrast dye.
- Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to visualize the appendix.
- MRI scan: Uses magnets and a computer to create images.
If you could be pregnant, a pregnancy test is required to rule out ectopic pregnancy and ensure safety before imaging, particularly CT scans.
Will I need to do anything to prepare for the tests?
Blood and urine tests require no preparation. For imaging tests, you may be instructed to stop eating and drinking for several hours beforehand.
Are there any risks to the tests?
Blood and urine tests carry minimal risk. Imaging tests are generally safe, though contrast dye may cause allergic reactions in some people. CT scans involve a small amount of radiation, which is generally not harmful to adults but requires caution for children and unborn babies. MRI scans are safe, but those with certain metal implants should consult their provider.
What do the results mean?
Providers interpret results alongside your symptoms and medical history:
- Blood/Urine: High white blood cell counts or CRP suggest infection/inflammation; urine findings may point to kidney or urinary issues.
- Imaging: A blocked, enlarged, or burst appendix confirms appendicitis.
If diagnosed, surgery (an appendectomy) is typically performed immediately to remove the appendix.