CCP Antibody Test
The CCP antibody test detects specific autoantibodies in the blood to help diagnose or rule out rheumatoid arthritis.
What is a CCP antibody test?
This test looks for CCP (cyclic citrullinated peptide) antibodies, which are a type of autoantibody. While normal antibodies protect you from disease, autoantibodies mistakenly attack your body's healthy cells. CCP antibodies specifically target healthy tissues in the joints. Their presence is a strong indicator of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function.
What is it used for?
The test is used to help diagnose or rule out rheumatoid arthritis. It is often performed alongside or after a rheumatoid factor (RF) test. Using both tests provides a more accurate diagnosis than relying on the RF test alone, as RF factors can sometimes be found in healthy people or those with other autoimmune conditions.
Why do I need a CCP antibody test?
Your provider may order this test if you exhibit symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, such as:
- Joint pain and swelling
- Morning joint stiffness
- Fatigue
- Low-grade fever
What happens during a CCP antibody test?
A health care professional will collect a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The process takes less than five minutes.
Preparation and Risks
Inform your provider about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are taking, as you may need to stop taking certain substances for 8 hours before the test. Risks are minimal, limited to slight pain or bruising at the needle site.
What do the results mean?
Results are interpreted in the context of your physical exam and RF test results:
- Positive CCP and positive RF: You likely have rheumatoid arthritis.
- Positive CCP and negative RF: You may be in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis or will develop it in the future.
- Negative CCP and negative RF: You are less likely to have rheumatoid arthritis, and your provider may investigate other causes for your symptoms.
Note that CCP antibodies can occasionally be found in other conditions, such as lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, chronic lung disease, or active tuberculosis.