Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (EKG) is a quick, painless test that records the heart's electrical activity to help diagnose and monitor various heart conditions.
What is an electrocardiogram (EKG) test?
An electrocardiogram (EKG) test is a simple, painless, and quick test that records your heart's electrical activity. Each time your heart beats, an electrical signal travels through your heart, triggering the four chambers to contract in the proper rhythm to pump blood. The recording of these signals appears as wavy lines, which providers use to identify signs of heart disease or damage.
An EKG can show:
- How fast your heart is beating
- Whether the rhythm of your heartbeat is steady or irregular
- The strength and timing of the electrical signals passing through each part of your heart
Information from an EKG can also help measure the size and position of your heart's chambers. It is often the first test performed if you have signs of a heart condition and may be conducted in a provider's office, clinic, hospital, or as part of a stress test. The test is also known as an ECG.
What is it used for?
EKG tests are used to diagnose and monitor heart conditions, including:
- Arrhythmia
- Cardiomyopathy
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart valve diseases
- Congenital heart defects
These tests are generally reserved for people with symptoms or those at increased risk for heart disease, rather than for routine screening.
Why do I need an EKG test?
You may need an EKG if you experience symptoms such as:
- Chest pain
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- A decrease in your ability to exercise
Additionally, an EKG may be used to monitor known heart conditions, check the efficacy of treatments like pacemakers, or assess heart health before surgery or if you have a family history of heart disease or conditions like diabetes.
What happens during an EKG test?
The test takes only a few minutes and involves the following steps:
- You will lie on an exam table.
- A provider will place several electrodes (small sensors) on your arms, legs, and chest; body hair may be shaved to ensure they stick properly.
- The electrodes are attached by wires to an EKG machine or computer.
- You must lie very still while the electrical activity is recorded.
Risks and Preparation
There are no special preparations required for an EKG. The test carries very little risk; it does not send electricity into your body, though you may experience minor skin irritation after the electrodes are removed.
Understanding Results
If your results are not normal, it may indicate a heart condition. Because an EKG is a "snapshot" of activity, your provider may recommend long-term monitoring if symptoms are intermittent. These include Holter monitors (worn for up to two days) or event monitors (which can record for weeks, months, or years, including implantable versions placed under the skin).