Ketones in Urine
A ketones in urine test measures the levels of ketones, an acid produced when your body breaks down fat for energy, which can help identify potentially life-threatening conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is a ketones in urine test?
A ketones in urine test measures ketone levels in your urine. Normally, the cells in your body use blood glucose (also called blood sugar) for energy, which comes from the food you eat. If your cells cannot get enough glucose, your body breaks down fat for energy instead. This process produces an acid called ketones, which can build up in your blood and urine.
Having some ketones in your urine is normal. However, high levels may indicate that your blood is too acidic, a condition called ketoacidosis. The most common type is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening. If you have diabetes, this test can help identify high ketone levels early so you can receive immediate treatment.
What is it used for?
The test is used to monitor individuals at risk for high ketone levels due to medical conditions, diets, or exercise habits. You may be at higher risk if you experience:
- Diabetes: DKA is most common in type 1 diabetes, but can also occur in type 2 diabetes.
- Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.
- Alcohol use disorder (AUD): Which can cause alcoholic ketoacidosis.
- Eating disorders and starvation.
- Certain digestive diseases.
- "Keto diet": A diet low in carbohydrates.
- Excessive exercise: Exercising too hard for a long time.
- Pregnancy.
Why do I need a ketones in urine test?
Your provider may order this test if you have diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk for high ketones. You may also need testing if you exhibit symptoms of ketoacidosis.
Early symptoms of ketoacidosis:
- Frequent urination
- Extreme hunger or thirst
- Dehydration
- Headache
Severe symptoms of ketoacidosis:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal (belly) pain
- Confusion
- Trouble breathing
- Feeling very tired or sleepy
- Fruity-smelling breath
Note: If you have severe symptoms of ketoacidosis, seek immediate medical help.
What happens during a ketones in urine test?
The test can be performed at home or in a lab. If testing in a lab, you will provide a urine sample. A health care professional may provide a cleansing wipe, a small container, and instructions for the "clean catch" method to ensure germs from your skin do not contaminate the sample.