HomeLab TestsMeasles and Mumps Tests
Back to Lab Tests
Measles and Mumps Tests
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Lab Tests

Measles and Mumps Tests

Measles and mumps tests are used to diagnose active infections or determine if you have immunity through vaccination or past exposure.

What are measles and mumps tests?

Measles and mumps are contagious viral infections. While vaccines are highly effective, outbreaks can still occur. These tests help diagnose current infections or confirm immunity.

  • Measles: Causes flu-like symptoms and a flat, red rash that starts on the face and spreads.
  • Mumps: Causes flu-like symptoms and painful swelling of the salivary glands, leading to puffy cheeks and jaw.

While most people recover within two weeks, these infections can lead to serious complications like encephalitis (swelling of the brain) or pneumonia.

What are the tests used for?

  • Diagnosing active infection: Uses IgM antibody tests (proteins made by the immune system) or molecular tests (such as PCR) to detect the virus in blood, nasal/throat fluid, or urine.
  • Checking immunity: Uses an IgG antibody test to see if your body has developed long-term protection from past infection or vaccination.
  • Controlling outbreaks: Helps public health officials track and contain the spread of disease.

An MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) antibody screening is a single blood test used to check immunity to all three viruses.

Why do I need a measles or mumps test?

You may need testing if you are pregnant, starting a job or school that requires proof of immunity, or are a health care worker. You may also be tested if you show symptoms.

Symptoms of Measles

  • High fever, cough, runny nose, and sore throat
  • Pink eye (conjunctivitis)
  • Tiny white spots in the mouth
  • Rash starting on the face and spreading to the chest and legs

Symptoms of Mumps

  • Swollen, painful jaw and puffy cheeks
  • Headache, earache, and fever
  • Muscle aches and loss of appetite
  • Painful swallowing

What happens during measles and mumps tests?

  • Blood test: A sample is drawn from a vein in your arm.
  • Swab test: A sample is collected from your nose, throat, or cheek.
  • Nasal aspirate or wash: Saline is inserted into the nose and removed with suction.

If complications like meningitis or encephalitis are suspected, a spinal tap may be performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid.

Will I need to do anything to prepare for these tests?

No special preparations are required.

Are there any risks to these tests?

Risks are minimal. Blood tests may cause slight bruising, while swab tests may cause a gagging sensation. Nasal washes may feel uncomfortable, but these effects are temporary.

What do the results mean?

  • Negative: No signs of infection were found, and you are not immune.
  • Positive (Molecular/PCR): You have an active infection.
  • Positive (IgM): You have a current or recent infection.
  • Positive (IgG): You are immune due to vaccination or past infection.

Is there anything else I need to know?

Vaccination is the best protection. The CDC recommends two doses of the MMR vaccine for children (at 12–15 months and 4–6 years) and at least one dose for non-immune adults. Pregnant individuals should not receive the MMR vaccine.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, recent vaccination can sometimes cause a temporary rise in IgM antibodies, leading to a false positive for active infection. If you were vaccinated within the last few weeks, your provider may repeat the test after a few weeks or use a PCR test to confirm whether you have an active viral infection or just a post-vaccination immune response.
IgM antibodies appear early in an infection and indicate a recent or active illness, while IgG antibodies appear later and persist for years, indicating long-term immunity from past infection or vaccination. A positive IgM with negative IgG suggests a new infection, whereas a positive IgG with negative IgM suggests you are immune and not currently sick.
No, fasting or special preparation is not required for standard antibody blood tests for measles or mumps. You can eat and drink normally before the appointment. However, if you are also being tested for other conditions that require fasting, such as blood sugar or lipid panels, follow those specific instructions.
low titer does not always mean you are unprotected, as some individuals have robust immunity despite lower antibody levels. Your healthcare provider will interpret the result in the context of your vaccination history and risk factors. In many cases, if you have documented two doses of the MMR vaccine, you are considered immune even if the titer is low, but additional testing or vaccination may be recommended for high-risk groups like healthcare workers.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

kontakt@hittavard.se

Ⓒ 2024. Alla rättigheter förbehålls av juxt ab

Sök
Om ossVillkor och policyVanliga frågorKontakta oss