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Antioxidants
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Food Nutrition

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are natural or man-made substances that may help prevent or delay cell damage, though their health impact depends on the source.

Overview

Antioxidants are found in many foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, and are also available as dietary supplements. Common examples include:

  • Beta-carotene
  • Lutein
  • Lycopene
  • Selenium
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E

Dietary Sources vs. Supplements

Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of certain diseases. However, it remains unclear if these benefits are directly caused by antioxidants or other factors within the food.

Caution is advised regarding high-dose supplements, which may be linked to health risks:

  • Beta-carotene: High doses may increase lung cancer risk in smokers.
  • Vitamin E: High doses may increase the risk of prostate cancer and certain types of stroke.

Because antioxidant supplements can interact with medications, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about any supplements you are taking.

Frequently Asked Questions

Whole fruits provide vitamin C along with fiber, flavonoids, and other nutrients that work together for health benefits. Supplements give only isolated vitamin C and have not shown consistent immune advantages. Aim for 2–3 servings of citrus, berries, or kiwi daily; use supplements only if you cannot meet needs through diet.
No. High‑dose beta‑carotene has been linked to a higher risk of lung cancer in smokers. It’s safer to get beta‑carotene from foods like carrots and sweet potatoes and to focus on quitting smoking rather than supplementing.
cup of raw spinach provides about 7 mg lutein, a half‑cup of cooked carrots offers ~4 mg beta‑carotene, and a medium tomato supplies ~3 mg lycopene. These amounts are comparable to or exceed most over‑the‑counter supplement doses, and the food matrix enhances absorption.
Yes. Vitamin E and high doses of vitamin K (found in some green‑leaf supplements) can affect clotting. Even vitamin C and selenium may alter drug metabolism. Always tell your prescribing clinician about any antioxidant pills you’re considering.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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