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Bed Bugs
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Injuries Wounds

Bed Bugs

Bed bugs are small, blood-feeding insects that hide in furniture and bedding, though they do not transmit diseases.

Overview

Bed bugs bite and feed on human blood. While you may experience no reaction to these bites, some individuals develop small marks or itching. Severe allergic reactions are rare, and bed bugs do not transmit or spread diseases.

Identification and Behavior

Adult bed bugs are brown, 1/4 to 3/8 inch long, and possess a flat, oval-shaped body. Young bed bugs, known as nymphs, are smaller and lighter in color. These insects hide in various locations, including:

  • Seams of chairs and couches
  • Between cushions
  • Folds of curtains
  • Around the bed

They typically emerge to feed every five to ten days, though they are capable of surviving over a year without feeding.

Prevention

To prevent bed bug infestations in your home, consider the following steps:

  • Check secondhand furniture for signs of bed bugs before bringing it into your home.
  • Use a protective cover to encase mattresses and box springs, checking it regularly for holes.
  • Reduce clutter to minimize hiding spots.
  • When traveling, place suitcases on luggage racks rather than the floor, and inspect mattresses and headboards for signs of infestation.
  • Unpack directly into your washing machine after returning from a trip and inspect your luggage carefully.

Management and Removal

If you are dealing with an infestation, take these actions:

  • Wash and dry bedding and clothing at high temperatures.
  • Use mattress, box spring, and pillow encasements to trap bed bugs and assist in detecting infestations.
  • Use pesticides if necessary.

Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Frequently Asked Questions

Bed bug bites often appear in a linear pattern or cluster of three to five bites, sometimes described as "breakfast, lunch, and dinner." Unlike mosquito bites, which are usually isolated and itchy immediately, bed bug bites may not be noticeable until several hours or even days after the feeding. The bites are typically small, red, and may have a darker center, but individual reactions vary significantly, with some people showing no signs at all. What is the most effective way to treat a bed bug infestation in my home?::The most effective approach combines thorough cleaning with professional pest control. You should wash all bedding, curtains, and clothing in hot water and dry them on high heat to kill bugs and eggs. Vacuum all furniture, carpets, and cracks, immediately disposing of the vacuum bag in a sealed trash can. However, because bed bugs are highly resistant to over-the-counter sprays and can hide in deep cracks, hiring a licensed exterminator for targeted treatment is often necessary for complete eradication. Do bed bugs pose any health risks beyond skin irritation?::Bed bugs do not transmit diseases to humans, so there is no risk of infection from the bite itself. However, the primary health risks are psychological and secondary. Scratching the bites can lead to skin infections from bacteria entering the wound. Additionally, discovering an infestation can cause significant stress, anxiety, and sleep deprivation, which can negatively impact overall mental and physical health. How long does it take to completely eliminate a bed bug infestation?::There is no single timeline, as it depends on the severity of the infestation and the methods used. With professional treatment and rigorous home preparation, signs of bed bugs usually disappear within two to four weeks. However, because bed bugs can survive for over a year without feeding and eggs can hatch over several weeks, you may need to repeat treatments or monitoring for up to three months to ensure the infestation is fully gone.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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